There are unattested attributions on the web to some or other never-named World War II Japanese naval commander. But such a tale could have been spun by one sailor and then popularized through the ranks, eventually making its way into print and vernacular usage. On (the) average, I spend $250 per month on gas heating.
What is the collective term for « Daily », « Weekly », « Monthly » and « Yearly »?
You need to enter the administrator account password. Per a T-shirt seen at Fort Madison IA in reference to a commander of the Fort during the war of 1812. Well of course the phrase was frequently repeated in jest in the Navy at that time—it kept showing up every five years or so in All Hands.
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What you are looking for is « minute by minute », « once a minute », « on a minute-by-minute basis » (thanks to Shinto Sherlock for setting the record straight on this one), or simply « every minute ». Twice-daily is probably the best choice since it is unambiguous and commonly used. Using either bidaily or bi-daily risks the reader getting muddled between « twice a day » and « every other day ».
It seems very likely that humorous/sardonic expressions of the form « a punishment will continue until morale improves » originated in the U.S. Navy in the form « all liberty is canceled until morale improves. » The first recorded instance that various book and periodical database searches turn up is from a cartoon caption in 1961, although the cartoonist may simply have been repeating a witticism already in circulation. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. That none of the four dictionaries consulted describe ‘minutely’ as archaic, in the sense of « minute-to-minute » or « minute-by-minute », is not in itself a conclusive answer to the question of whether it is archaic or not.
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- My observation, however, is that ‘minutely’ is not archaic, or if it is archaic, it is not primarily so.
- Dictionary.com (based on Random House Unabridged) makes no observation about the frequency of use.
- The logic against such use may be circular and so not compelling.
- But such a tale could have been spun by one sailor and then popularized through the ranks, eventually making its way into print and vernacular usage.
Answers
The abbreviation QOD or QAD (from Latin mean Quaque Alternis Die ») means ‘every other day’ or ‘every two days’. When you combine a final -y with a suffix, you have to look at each combination of the seven options mentioned above separately (though some of them can be lumped together, of course). Since I was getting a bit caught up in trying to write out some fairly complex things in comments to @medica’s answer, I am going to write it all out in a full answer here.
Only one exception that I can think of, highlighted below. Before a suffix consisting of only one consonant, -y pronounced /j/ generally remains. After such a y, the past and past participle suffix is -ed (with the e), but the present suffix is -s with no e. In the past and past participle forms of some irregular verbs, the y changes to -i-, and the suffix, whether -(e)d or -(e)n, never has an e. As it is normally pronunciation that defines spelling, and not the other way around, it seems that the i did the job of representing that j in daily quite well. However, as a final vowel, the i seems to be uncommon in English, and usually written as a y.
Weekly, Daily, Hourly — Minutely…?
Contrarily, in the fast food restaurant that has an unusually high churn factor and suffers from low morale and low pay, this is where you find posters hanging on the office walls saying, « Beatings will continue until morale improves! » But more on service cultures later. Morale in the sense of one’s confidence and good emotional state is attested only from the early 19th century, according to the OED. Prior to that, the predominant meaning would have been morality.
« each day » → « daily »; « every other day » →? duplicate
In OED entries from the Third Edition, updated March, 2002, the word is described as « rare ». It is given two out of eight for the adjective frequency, three of eight for the adverb, both in contrast to four of eight for the adverb in the sense of « on a small scale ». In Collins, the word frequency is given as two out of five, exactly the same frequency shown for ‘minutely’ in the sense of « done in great detail ». American Heritage (online) does not define the adjective or adverb in the given sense. Dictionary.com (based on Random House Unabridged) makes no observation about the frequency of use. A cartoon captioned … and all liberty is canceled until morale improves appears even further back in All Hands, a magazine published by the U.S.
- I have not found a copy of the 1960 edition, but an intermediate edition from 1954 does not include any mention of the expression, despite referring to « morale » on four separate occasions.
- As it is normally pronunciation that defines spelling, and not the other way around, it seems that the i did the job of representing that j in daily quite well.
- A cartoon captioned … and all liberty is canceled until morale improves appears even further back in All Hands, a magazine published by the U.S.
- I found « bidaily » but it seems to mean « twice a day », not « every second day » (not even both as « biweekly » does).
- « … and all liberty is canceled until morale improves. »
A (not the) « correct » word for « happening every minute » is ‘minutely’. In both US and British English, the word is pronounced /ˈmɪnᵻtli/, where /ɪ/ is the vowel sound in ‘kit’, « ᵻ represents free variation between /ɪ/ and /ə/ », and /i/ represents the vowel sound at the end of ‘happy’ (OED). Before a suffix starting in a consonant or non-/i/ vowel, -y pronounced /ai/ generally remains in monosyllabics, though there are some individual exceptions where a variant spelling with -i- also exists.
« And all liberty is canceled until morale improves. » « … and all liberty is canceled until morale improves. » « monthly average » is better used for « exchange rates », « temperatures », « rain and snowfall », prices, etc.
The best you can do is « alternate day. » An alternate day questionnaire is a questionnaire that appears every other day. Is there an adjective that means « every other day »? I found « bidaily » but it seems to mean « twice a day », daily fx calendar not « every second day » (not even both as « biweekly » does). I remember to have come across it once in a story by Somerset Maugham.
For example, the logic may be that because ‘minutely’ is less used now than it was in the past, it should be used less now and in the future. If language operated on that principle, rather than the principle stated in the first paragraph of this answer, words and particular senses of words would not fall out of, then return to, common use. The adjective and adverb ‘minutely’, in the given sense, is described variously by dictionaries.
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The words « no leave until morale improves » have been underlined by the person who sent this excerpt to the Dartmouth Free Press. Steelworker 1 & C was published in three major editions—in 1950, 1960, and 1966—as well as with minor updates in other years. I have not found a copy of the 1960 edition, but an intermediate edition from 1954 does not include any mention of the expression, despite referring to « morale » on four separate occasions. The is no real evidence to support the more commonly cited origins, that is Captain Bligh and the Mutiny on the Bounty, and the commander of the Submarine Force of the Japanese Imperial Navy during World War II.
